多进程实现消费者生产者问题
一，实验目的
1，了解生产者消费者的互斥与同步问题
2，掌握Windows和Linux的进程通信方法
二，实验要求
完成Windows版本和Linux版本。
一个大小为3的缓冲区，初始为空。
2个生产者
随机等待一段时间，往缓冲区添加数据，
若缓冲区已满，等待消费者取走数据后再添加
重复6次
3个消费者
随机等待一段时间，从缓冲区读取数据
若缓冲区为空，等待生产者添加数据后再读取
重复4次
显示每次添加和读取数据的时间及缓冲区的状态
三，实验环境
Windows版本：Windows 10 64位系统，Dev-cpp编译器
Linux版本：Fedora29版本，gcc环境 vim文本编辑器
四，实验代码结构
1),pv操作伪代码：
array[3]:interger//缓冲区定义,大小为三
int empty=3,full=0;
int mutex=1;
i=0,j=0//缓冲区指针
x，y：item //产品变量
生产者： 消费者：
begin：
produce a product to x;
P(empty);
P(mutex);
array[i]=x;
ii=(i+1)%3;
V(full);
V(mutex);
,,,,,, ………,
End
消费者：
2）实验代码分析
Windows版本：
思路分析：Windows创建多进程使用creatprocess()函数调用自己，通过多次创建得到两个生产者进程三个消费者进程，在之中运行相应的生产者函数，消费者函数。在通过传入参数不同，来辨别是第一次主进程还是生产者进程，消费者进程。通过构建共享内存区进行进程间通信。
①多进程创建
② 构建共享内存区，再将文件映射到本进程，初始化
③在主创建进程间信号量full empty
分别在生产者消费者进程创建互斥访问量mutex
④同过argv量的不同判断进程归属
⑤运行结果：
全部代码见后
Linux版本：
思路分析：Linux使用fork进行多进程创建，分别在进程中运行消费者函数，生产者函数。建立共享主存区很信号量在进程建进行通信和缓存访问
②建立共享主存并进行映射
③创建进程间信号量full，empty和互斥量 mutex，并初始化
④实验结果：
五， 实验总结
本次实验获得圆满成功。
本次实验通过分别编写Windows和Linux版本的多进程实现消费者和生产者问题，了解生产者消费者的互斥与同步问题，掌握Windows和Linux的进程通信方法，也同时加强自己对多进程操作的理解。
代码：
Windows版本：
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//实验三生产者消费者 #include <windows.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <time.h> HANDLE handleOfProcess[5]; struct buf { char buffer[3]; int write; int read; }; int rand_1() { return rand() % 100 + 1000; } char rand_char() { return rand() % 26 + 'A'; } void StartClone(int nCloneID) { TCHAR szFilename[MAX_PATH]; GetModuleFileName(NULL, szFilename, MAX_PATH); TCHAR szCmdLine[MAX_PATH]; sprintf(szCmdLine, "\"%s\" %d", szFilename, nCloneID); //printf("%s\n",szCmdLine); STARTUPINFO si; ZeroMemory(reinterpret_cast<void*>(&si), sizeof(si)); si.cb = sizeof(si); PROCESS_INFORMATION pi; BOOL bCreateOK = CreateProcess( szFilename, szCmdLine, NULL, NULL, FALSE, CREATE_DEFAULT_ERROR_MODE, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi); if (bCreateOK) handleOfProcess[nCloneID] = pi.hProcess; else { printf("Error in create process!\n"); exit(0); } } void pro()//生产者 { HANDLE mutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, "MYMUTEX"); HANDLE empty = OpenSemaphore(SEMAPHORE_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, "MYEMPTY"); HANDLE full = OpenSemaphore(SEMAPHORE_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, "MYFULL"); HANDLE hMap = OpenFileMapping(FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, "myfilemap"); LPVOID Data = MapViewOfFile(//文件映射 hMap, FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, 0, 0, 0); struct buf* pint = reinterpret_cast<struct buf*>(Data); for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { WaitForSingleObject(empty, INFINITE); //sleep srand((unsigned)time(0)); int tim = rand_1(); Sleep(tim); WaitForSingleObject(mutex, INFINITE); //code pint->buffer[pint->write] = rand_char(); pint->write = (pint->write + 1) % 3; ReleaseMutex(mutex); ReleaseSemaphore(full, 1, NULL); SYSTEMTIME syst; time_t t = time(0); GetSystemTime(&syst); char tmpBuf[10]; strftime(tmpBuf, 10, "%H:%M:%S", localtime(&t)); printf("生产者%d向缓冲区写入数据:\t%c\t%c\t%c\t@%s.%d\n", (int)GetCurrentProcessId(), pint->buffer[0], pint->buffer[1], pint->buffer[2], tmpBuf, syst.wMilliseconds); fflush(stdout); } UnmapViewOfFile(Data);//解除映射 Data = NULL; CloseHandle(mutex); CloseHandle(empty); CloseHandle(full); } void con()//消费者 { HANDLE mutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, "MYMUTEX"); HANDLE empty = OpenSemaphore(SEMAPHORE_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, "MYEMPTY"); HANDLE full = OpenSemaphore(SEMAPHORE_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, "MYFULL"); HANDLE hMap = OpenFileMapping(FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, "myfilemap"); LPVOID Data = MapViewOfFile(//文件映射 hMap, FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, 0, 0, 0); struct buf* pint = reinterpret_cast<struct buf*>(Data); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { WaitForSingleObject(full, INFINITE); //sleep srand((unsigned)time(0)); int tim = rand_1(); Sleep(tim); WaitForSingleObject(mutex, INFINITE); pint->buffer[pint->read] = ' '; pint->read = (pint->read + 1) % 3; ReleaseMutex(mutex); ReleaseSemaphore(empty, 1, NULL); //code time_t t = time(0); char tmpBuf[10]; SYSTEMTIME syst; GetSystemTime(&syst); strftime(tmpBuf, 10, "%H:%M:%S", localtime(&t)); printf("消费者%d从缓冲区读取数据:\t%c\t%c\t%c\t@%s.%d\n", (int)GetCurrentProcessId(), pint->buffer[0], pint->buffer[1], pint->buffer[2], tmpBuf, syst.wMilliseconds); fflush(stdout); } UnmapViewOfFile(Data);//解除映射 Data = NULL; CloseHandle(mutex); CloseHandle(empty); CloseHandle(full); } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int nCloneID = 20; if (argc > 1) { sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &nCloneID); } if (nCloneID < 2)//生产者进程 { pro(); } else if (nCloneID < 5)//消费者进程 { con(); } else//主进程 { HANDLE hMap = CreateFileMapping( NULL, NULL, PAGE_READWRITE, 0, sizeof(struct buf), "myfilemap"); if (hMap != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { LPVOID Data = MapViewOfFile(//文件映射 hMap, FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, 0, 0, 0); if (Data != NULL) { ZeroMemory(Data, sizeof(struct buf)); } struct buf* pnData = reinterpret_cast<struct buf*>(Data); pnData->read = 0; pnData->write = 0; memset(pnData->buffer, 0, sizeof(pnData->buffer)); UnmapViewOfFile(Data);//解除映射 Data = NULL; } HANDLE empty = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 3, 3, "MYEMPTY"); HANDLE full = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, 3, "MYFULL"); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)//创建子进程 StartClone(i); WaitForMultipleObjects(5, handleOfProcess, TRUE, INFINITE); CloseHandle(empty); CloseHandle(full); } } |
Linux版本:
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//实验三：生产者消费者 #include<string.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<sys/sem.h> #include<sys/select.h> #include<sys/wait.h> #include<sys/ipc.h> #include<sys/shm.h> #include<time.h> #define SEM_ID1 225 #define SEM_ID2 97 #define SEM_ID3 234 #define SHMKEY 75 struct buf { char buffer[3]; int read; int write; }; int rand_1() { return rand() % 300; } void sleep_ms(int s) { usleep(s * 10000); } char* cur_time() { time_t timep; time(&timep); return ctime(&timep); } char rand_char() { return rand() % 26 + 'A'; } void P(int s)//p操作 { struct sembuf sem_op; sem_op.sem_num = 0; sem_op.sem_op = -1; sem_op.sem_flg = 0; semop(s, &sem_op, 1); } void V(int s)//v操作 { struct sembuf sem_op; sem_op.sem_num = 0; sem_op.sem_op = 1; sem_op.sem_flg = 0; semop(s, &sem_op, 1); } void pro()//生产者 { int tim, shmid, i = 6; int sem_mutex, sem_empty, sem_full; void* addr; struct buf* pint; struct sembuf sem_op; struct timeval tv; sem_mutex = semget(SEM_ID1, 1, 0600); sem_empty = semget(SEM_ID2, 1, 0600); sem_full = semget(SEM_ID3, 1, 0600); shmid = shmget(SHMKEY, sizeof(struct buf), 0777); addr = shmat(shmid, 0, 0); while (i--) { gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); srand((unsigned)tv.tv_usec); tim = rand_1(); sleep_ms(tim); //P(empty) P(sem_empty); //P(mutex) P(sem_mutex); pint = (struct buf*)addr; // pint[semctl(sem_full,0,GETVAL)]=time; pint->buffer[pint->write] = rand_char(); pint->write = (pint->write + 1) % 3; printf("当前生产者进程:%d 写入数据:\t%c\t%c\t%c\t@%lds%ldus\n", getpid(), pint->buffer[0], pint->buffer[1], pint->buffer[2], tv.tv_sec, tv.tv_usec); //V(mutex) V(sem_mutex); //V(full) V(sem_full); } shmdt(addr); } void con()//消费者 { int tim, shmid, i = 4; int sem_mutex, sem_empty, sem_full; void* addr; struct buf* pint; struct sembuf sem_op; struct timeval tv; sem_mutex = semget(SEM_ID1, 1, 0600); sem_empty = semget(SEM_ID2, 1, 0600); sem_full = semget(SEM_ID3, 1, 0600); shmid = shmget(SHMKEY, sizeof(struct buf), 0777); addr = shmat(shmid, 0, 0); while (i--) { gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); srand((unsigned)tv.tv_usec); tim = rand_1(); sleep_ms(tim); //P(full) P(sem_full); //P(mutex) P(sem_mutex); pint = (struct buf*)addr; pint->buffer[pint->read] = ' '; pint->read = (pint->read + 1) % 3; printf("当前消费者进程:%d 读取数据:\t%c\t%c\t%c\t@%ldst%ldms\n", getpid(), pint->buffer[0], pint->buffer[1], pint->buffer[2], tv.tv_sec, tv.tv_usec); //V(mutex) V(sem_mutex); //V(empty) V(sem_empty); } shmdt(addr); } int main() { int sem_mutex, sem_empty, sem_full, shmid; void* addr; union semun { int val; }empty, full, mutex; //建立信号量 sem_mutex = semget(SEM_ID1, 1, IPC_CREAT | 0600); sem_empty = semget(SEM_ID2, 1, IPC_CREAT | 0600); sem_full = semget(SEM_ID3, 1, IPC_CREAT | 0600); full.val = 0; empty.val = 3; mutex.val = 1; semctl(sem_mutex, 0, SETVAL, mutex); semctl(sem_empty, 0, SETVAL, empty); semctl(sem_full, 0, SETVAL, full); //建立共享内存并进行映射 shmid = shmget(SHMKEY, sizeof(struct buf), 0777 | IPC_CREAT); if (-1 == shmid) { printf("建立共享内存失败\n"); exit(0); } addr = shmat(shmid, 0, 0); memset(addr, 0, sizeof(struct buf)); //执行生产者进程 for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) if (fork() == 0) { pro(); exit(0); } //执行消费者进程 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) if (fork() == 0) { con(); exit(0); } while (-1 != wait(0)); semctl(sem_mutex, 0, IPC_RMID); semctl(sem_empty, 0, IPC_RMID); semctl(sem_full, 0, IPC_RMID); shmdt(addr); } |
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