(1)桌面系统
[centos6] GNOME 2.x
[centos7] GNOME 3.x（GNOME Shell）
(2)文件系统
[centos6] ext4
[centos7] xfs
(3)内核版本
[centos6] 2.6.x-x
[centos7] 3.10.x-x
(4)启动加载器
[centos6] GRUB Legacy (+efibootmgr)
[centos7] GRUB2
(5)防火墙
[centos6] iptables
[centos7] firewalld
(6)默认数据库
[centos6] MySQL
[centos7] MariaDB
(7)文件结构
[centos6] /bin, /sbin, /lib, and /lib64在/下
[centos7] /bin, /sbin, /lib, and /lib64移到/usr下
(8)主机名
[centos6] /etc/sysconfig/network
[centos7] /etc/hostname
(9)时间同步
[centos6]
$ ntp
$ ntpq -p
[centos7]
$ chrony
$ chronyc sources
(10)修改时间
[centos6]
$ vim /etc/sysconfig/clock
ZONE=”Asia/Tokyo”
UTC=fales
$ sudo ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tokyo /etc/localtime
[centos7]
$ timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Tokyo
$ timedatectl status
(11)修改地区
[centos6]
$ vim /etc/sysconfig/i18n
LANG=”ja_JP.utf8″
$ /etc/sysconfig/i18n
$ locale
[centos7]
$ localectl set-locale LANG=ja_JP.utf8
$ localectl status
(12)服务相关
1）启动停止
[centos6]
$ service service_name start
$ service service_name stop
$ service sshd restart/status/reload
[centos7]
$ systemctl start service_name
$ systemctl stop service_name
$ systemctl restart/status/reload sshd
自启动
[centos6]
$ chkconfig service_name on/off
[centos7]
$ systemctl enable service_name
$ systemctl disable service_name
服务一览
[centos6]
$ chkconfig –list
[centos7]
$ systemctl list-unit-files
$ systemctl –type service
强制停止
[centos6]
$ kill -9 <PID>
[centos7]
$ systemctl kill –signal=9 sshd
(13)网络
1）网络信息
[centos6]
$ netstat
$ netstat -I
$ netstat -n
[centos7]
$ ip n
$ ip -s l
$ ss
2）IP地址MAC地址
[centos6]
$ ifconfig -a
[centos7]
$ ip address show
3）路由
[centos6]
$ route -n
$ route -A inet6 -n
[centos7]
$ ip route show
$ ip -6 route show
(14)重启关闭
1）关闭
[centos6]
$ shutdown -h now
[centos7]
$ poweroff
$ systemctl poweroff
2）重启
[centos6]
$ reboot
$ shutdown -r now
[centos7]
$ reboot
$ systemctl reboot
3）单用户模式
[centos6]
$ init S
[centos7]
$ systemctl rescue
4）启动模式
[centos6]
[GUI➡CUI]
$ vim /etc/inittab
id:3:initdefault:
[CUI➡GUI]
$ startx
[centos7]
[GUI➡CUI]
$ systemctl isolate multi-user.target
[CUI➡GUI]
$systemctl isolate graphical.target
默认
$ systemctl set-default graphical.target
$ systemctl set-default multi-user.target
当前
$ systemctl get-default
| Administrative command and config-file changes | ||
| System Basics | ||
| Task | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
| View RH subscription information | /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid subscription-manager identity |
subscription-manager identity |
| Configure RH subscription | rhn_register rhnreg_ks subscription-manager |
subscription-manager14 rhn_register15 |
| Basic Configuration | ||
| Task | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
| Graphical configuration tools | system-config-* | gnome-control-center |
| Configure network | system-config-network | nmcli nmtui nm-connection-editor |
| Configure system language | system-config-language | localectl |
| Configure system time and date | system-config-date | timedatectl |
| date | date | |
| Synchronize time and date | ntpdate | ntpdate |
| /etc/ntp.conf | /etc/chrony.conf | |
| Configure keyboard | system-config-keyboard | localectl |
| Jobs and services | ||
| Task | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
| List all services | chkconfig | systemctl -at service |
| ls /etc/init.d/ | ls /{usr/lib,etc}/systemd/system/*.service | |
| List running services | service –status-all | systemctl -t service –state=active |
| Start/stop a service | service name start | systemctl start name.service |
| service name stop | systemctl stop name.service | |
| Enable/disable a service | chkconfig name on | systemctl enable name.service |
| chkconfig name off | systemctl disable name.service | |
| Check if service enabled | chkconfig name | systemctl is-enabled name |
| View service status | service name status | systemctl status name.service |
| Create service file or change config | chkconfig –add | systemctl daemon-reload |
| View runlevel/target | runlevel | systemctl get-default |
| Change runlevel/target | init runlevel | systemctl isolate name.target |
| init runlevel | ||
| Configure logging | /etc/rsyslog.conf | /etc/rsyslog.conf |
| /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf | ||
| /var/log/journal/ | ||
| /etc/systemd/journald.conf | ||
| View logs | /var/log/ | /var/log/ |
| journalctl | ||
| Kernel, boot, and hardware | ||
| Task | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
| Bypass root password prompt at boot | append 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline | append rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline |
| Shut down system | shutdown | systemctl shutdown |
| Power off system | poweroff | systemctl poweroff |
| Halt system | halt | systemctl halt |
| Reboot system | reboot | systemctl reboot |
| Configure default runlevel/target | /etc/inittab | systemctl set-default |
| Configure GRUB bootloader | /boot/grub/grub.conf | /etc/default/grub |
| grub2-mkconfig | ||
| grub-set-default | ||
| Software management | ||
| Task | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
| Install software | yum install | yum install |
| yum groupinstall | yum group install | |
| View software info | yum info | yum info |
| yum groupinfo | yum group info | |
| File systems, volumes, and disks | ||
| Task | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
| Create/modify disk partitions | fdisk parted |
fdisk parted gdisk |
| Default file system | ext4 | xfs |
| Enlarge volumes formatted with default filesystem | vgextend | vgextend |
| lvextend | lvextend | |
| resize2fs | xfs_growfs | |
| Networking | ||
| Task | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
| Configure name resolution | /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf |
/etc/hosts |
| /etc/resolv.conf | ||
| nmcli con mod | ||
| Configure hostname | /etc/sysconfig/network | /etc/hostname |
| hostnamectl | ||
| nmtui | ||
| View network interface info | ip addr ifconfig brctl |
ip addr |
| nmcli dev show | ||
| teamdctl | ||
| brctl | ||
| bridge | ||
| Configure network interface | /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* | /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* |
| nmcli con [add|mod|edit] | ||
| nmtui | ||
| nm-connection-editor | ||
| Configure firewall | iptables & ip6tables /etc/sysconfig/ip*tables system-config-firewall |
firewall-cmd firewall-config |
| View ports/sockets | netstat ss lsof |
ss lsof |
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